nksLrks bl iksLV esa eSaus mUgha vkIlUl ds ckjs esa fy[kk gS
tks ,e0,l0 oMZ vkSj पावर पॉइंट esa ugah gS vFkkZr tks एक्सेल esa gS
ekbØkslkW¶V ,Dlsy
bl
lkW¶Vos;j dk fuekZ.k vesfjdk dh izfl) dEiuh ekbØkslkW¶V dkjiksjs’ku us fd;k
gSA bl izksxzke esa ge eSFkesfVdy] LVsfVdy] rFkk Qkbusfl;y bR;fn QkewyksZ dk
iz;ksx dk cM+h ls cM+h leL;kvsak dk lek/kku vklkuh ls dj ldrs gSA bl lkW¶Vos;j
dk ,DlVs’ku -,Dl-,y- gksrk gSA fMQkYV :i ls ,d odZcqd esa 3 lhVs nh gksrh gSA izR;sd lhV esa 256 dkWye] 65536 jks] rFkk
1]67]77]216 lsy nh gksrh gSA ftlds vUnj ge vius MkVk dks fQy djrs gSA
gkse ehuw
1- etZ lsy& nks ;k nks ls
vf/kd jks rFkk dkye dks flysDV dj ge etZ dj ldrs gSA
2- VkWi] ckWVe]
feMy& bl vkWIlu dk iz;ksx ge etZ lsy ds vUnj Vkbi MkVk dks VkWi]
ckWVe] feMy esa lsV djus ds fy, djrs gSA
3- VsDLV
vksfj;UVs’ku & bl vkWIlu ds }kjk ge lsy ds vUnj Vkbi MkVk dks
jksVsV djus ds fy, djrs gSA
4- uEcj
QkesZV& bl vkWIlu ds }kjk ge ,Dlsy lhV ij Vkbi MkVk dks fn;s x;s
uEcj QkesZV esa cnyus dk dk;Z djrs gSA
5- dUMh’kuy
QkesZfVax %& ftrus ,fj;s esa gesa QkesZfVax yxkuh gksrh gS igys
mrus ,fj;s dks ge flysDV dj ysrs gSA flysDV fd;s x;s fgLls esa gekjs }kjk yxkbZ
xbZ QkesZfVax gh dk;Z djrh gS nwljh dksbZ ughaA tSls& geusa flysDV fd;s x;s
fgLls esa QkesZfVax lsV dh dh tc Hkh ge 5 ls 50 ds chp esa dksbZ Hkh fxurh Vkbi
djs rks og gekjs }kjk yxk;s x;s QkesZV ds vuqlkj vk;sA QkesZfVax dks gVkus ds
fy, ge iqu% mrus fgLls dks flysDV dj fDy;j QkesZfVax ij fDyd djrs gSA
6- QkesZV ,t,
Vscy@lsy LVkby& bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge flysDV fd;s x;s MkVk dks fn;s
x;s lsy vFkok nh xbZ Vscy ds QkesZV esa cnyus dk dk;Z djrs gSA
7- bUlVZ@fMyhV&
bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge lsy] dkye] jks rFkk odZ’khV bUlVZ@fMyhV dj ldrs gSA
8- QkesZV lsy]
jks] dkye] odZ’kkhV& bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge lsy] jks] dkye rFkk
odZ’khV dks fn;s x;s QkesZV ds vuqlkj lsV dj ldrs gSA
9- QkeqZyk& bl vkIlu ds }kjk
ge csfld QkeqZyksa dk iz;ksx lh/ks gh dj ldrs gSA
10- fQy&Mkmu]
vi] ys¶V] jkbV& bl vkIlu ds
}kjk ge flysDV fd;s x;s MkVk dks Mkmu] vi] ys¶V] jkbV lkbM esa flysDV dh xbZ
jks] dkye bR;kfn esa fQy dj ldrs gSA
11- lhjht&
bldh lgk;rk ls ge lsy esa fQy la[;kvksa dks lhjht esa fQy dj ldrs gSA tSls gesa
1 ls 50 rd fxurh fQy djuh gS rks ge bl vkIlu ds }kjk vklhuh ls fxufr;ksa dks
lsy esa fQy dj ldrs gSA
12- tLVhQkbZ
& bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge vxy&2 lsy esa Vkbi MkVk dks tLVhQkbZ dj ,d gh lsy
esa yk ldrs gSA
13- Dyh;j
&vky] QkesZV] dUVsUV] desUVl& bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge lhV ij yxk;s x;s]
QkesZV] dUVsV] desUVl dks [kRe djus dk dk;Z djrs gSA
14- ‘kkVZ@fQYVj&
bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge mYVs lh/ks Øe esa Vkbi vYQkcsV rFkk U;wesfjd bUVªh;ksa dks
?kVrs rFkk c<+rs Øe esa lsV dj ldrs gS ,oa Vkbi MkVk esa ls fdUgh Lis’ky
bfUVª;ksa dks fQYVj dj ldrs gSA
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bUlVZ
ehuw% &
1-
ikboksV Vscy@pkVZ&
bldh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh yEcs MkVk dks NksVs& O;w esa Vscy vFkok pkVZ esa
Qhxj dks iznf’kZr dj vklkuh ls fn[kk ,oa le>k ldrs gSA
2-
Vscy& bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge
flysDV fd;s x;s MkVk dks fn;s x;s Vscy ds QkesZV esa cnyus dk dk;Z djrs gSA
3-
pkVZ& dkWye] ikbZ] ykbu
bR;kfn& bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge flysDV dh xbZ Qhxj dks fn;s x;s pkVZ esa
xzkfQdy O;w esa iznf’kZr ,oa le>k ldrs gSA
ist
ysvkmV&
1- fizUV ,fj;k&
bl vkIlu ds }kjk ges ftrus ,fj;s dks fizUV djuk gksrk gS mrus ,fj;s dks flysDV
dj ysrs gS rks fizUV djus ij mruk gh ,fj;k fizUV gksrk gS blh izdkj ls vxj gesa
iwjk ,fj;k fizUV djuk gskrk gS rks ge fDy;j fizUV ,fj;s ij fDyd dj nsrs gS rks
gekjs }kjk lsV fd;k x;k fizUV ,fj;k gV tkrk gSA
2- czsd& lhV ij tgkW ij dlZj
gksrk gS ogkW ls vxyk ist vk tkrk gSA
3- cSdxzkmUM&
bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge ‘khV ds cSdxzkmUM esa best dks yxkus dk dk;Z djrs gSA
4- fizUV VkbVy& bldk iz;ksx
ge ghMj rFkk QqVj dh rjg djrs gSA
5- fxzM
ykbu@gSfMXl& bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge ‘khV ij ls fxzMykbu vFkok gSfMxl
dks gVkus vFkok fn[kkus dk dk;Z djrs gSA
QkewZyk
ehuw&
1-
Vsªl izslhMsUV@Vsªl fMisUMsVl&
bldh lgk;rk ls ge ‘khV ij yxk;s x;s QkewZyk dks ,jks dh lgk;rk ls iznf’kZr dj
ldrs gSA
2-
fjewo ,jks&
bldh lgk;rk ls ge yxk;s x;s ,jks dks gVkus dk dk;Z djrs gSA
3-
‘kks QkewZykl&
bldh lgk;rk ls ge iwjh ‘khV ij yxk;s x;s QkeqZykl dks iznf’kZr dj ldrs gSA
4-
bjj psfdax&
bldh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh Hkh ,jj ds ckjs esa gsYi ys ldrs gSA
5-
boqysV QkeqZyk&
bldh lgk;rk ls ge ‘khV ij yxk;s x;s QkeqZyk dks LVsi ckbZ LVsi ns[k ldrs gSA
6-
okWp foUMks& ;g
vkIlu cqdekdZ dh rjg dk;Z djrk gS bldh lgk;rk ls ge MkVk dks flysDV dj okWp
foUMks esa ,M dj ysrs gS vkSj Hkfo”; esa gesa tc Hkh iqu% bldh t:jr gksrh gS ge
bldh lgk;rk ls ml MkVk ij vklkuh ls igqap ldrs gSA
7-
dSydqys’ku vkWilu&
eSuqvy@vkVkseSfVd& bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge ‘khV ij yxk;s x;s QeqykZl dks
vkVkseSfVd@eSuqvy dSydqYksV dj ldrs gSA
MkVk
ehuw&
1- QkeZ ,Dlsl]
QkeZ osc] QkeZ VSDlV] QkeZ vkSnj lkslZ
& bldh lgk;rk ls ge ,Dlsy izksxzke ij ,Dlsl] osc] VsDlV vFkok fdlh vU;
izksxzke ls MkVk beiksZV djk ldrs gSA
2- ,DlhfVax
dusD’ku &bl vkIlu ds }kjk vxj ‘khV ij yxk;s x;s MkVk dks nksckjk
ykuk gS rks ge bl vkIlu ds }kjk fQj ls ‘kkhV ij bEiksZV djk;s x;s MkVk dks
vklkuh ls yk ldrs gSA
3- fjQjsl@dusD’ku&
bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge ‘khV ij dusDV MkVk esa vxj fdlh Hkh izdkj dk dksbZ psUtsl
djrs gS rks fjQjsl djrs gh yk;s x;s MkVk esa vius vki psUtsl gks tkrs gSA
4- ,Mokal
fQYVj& bldh lgk;rk ls ge MkVk esa fQYVj ,Mokla rjhds ls vklkuh ls
dj ldrs gSA
5- VsDlV Vw
dkWye & bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge Hkwyo’k ,d gh lsy esa Vkbi gks x;s MkVk
dks vyx vyx dkye esa lsV djus ds fy, bl vkIlu dk iz;ksx djrs gSA
6- fjewwo
MqIyhdsV& bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge ‘khV ij MqIyhdsV baVªh;ksa dks MhyhV
djus ds fy, djrs gSA
7- MkVk
oSyhMs’ku& ftrus ,fj;s esa oSyhMs’ku yxkuk gksrk gS igys ge mrus
,fj;s dks flysDV dj ysrs gS flysDV fd;s x;s ,fj;s esa gekjs }kjk yxk;h xbZ
la[;k] VsDLV] gh fQy gksrk gS nwljh dksbZ bUVªh ugha gksrh tc rd fd ge yxk;s
x;s oSyhMs’ku dks ‘kkhV ij ls gVk u nsA
8- dUlksyhMsV&
bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge vyx&vyx ‘khV ij yxk;s x;s Qhxj dks etZ dj ,d gh ‘kkhV
ij lsV djus dk dk;Z djrs gSA tSls ,d lhV ij tuojh dk MkVk gS rFkk nwljh ‘kkhV
ij Qjojh dk vkidks ekpZ dk MkVk tuojh o Qjojh nksuks dks tksM dj ,d gh ‘khV ij cukuk gS rks ge bl vkIlu ds
}kjk ;g dk;Z vklkuh ls dj ldrs gSA
9- lhfu;jks eSustj&
bldh lgk;rk ls ge MkVk esa fd;s x;ss psUtsl dks lejh esa vklkuh ls iznf’kZr dj
ldrs gSA
10- xks;y lhd&
bldh lgk;rk ls ge fudkyh xbZ oSY;w esa vklkuh ls ?kVko vFkok c<+ko dj ldrs
gSA tSls vkius 2&3 leku [kjhns ftudk ewY; dqy 350 gS vc vc pkgrs gS fd ;g
400 gks tk;s vFkok 300 rks ge bl vkIlu
ds }kjk ;g dk;Z vklkuh ls dj ldrs gSA
11- MkVk Vscy& QkewZys dh
lgk;rk ls ge MkVk Vscy dk fuekZ.k djus dk dk;Z djrs gSA
12- xzqi@vuxqzi&
bldh lgk;rk ls ge flysDV dh xbZ jks rFkk dkWye dks xzqi@vuxzqi dj ldrs gSA
13- lc
VksVy& bldh lgk;rk ls ge vyx&2 [kjhns x;s vkbVeksa dk vklkuh ls
lc VksVy fudky ldrs gS tSls & dqV lkeku geus 20] dqN 30] dqN 50 ds [kjhns
vc ge pkgrs gS fd 20 okys vkbVeksa dk jsV vyx] rFkk 30 o 50 okys vkbVeksa dks
jsV vyx&2 fn;k tk;s rks ge bl vkIlu ds }kjk ;g dk;Z vklkuh ls dj ldrs gSA
fjO;w
ehuw&
1- izksVsDV
‘khV] izksVsDV odZcqd] izksVsDV ‘ks;jodZ cqd& tc ge bl vkIlu ij
fDyd djrss gS rks izksVsDV ‘khV] izksVsDV odZcqd] izksVsDV ‘ks;jodZ cqd uked ,d
ckDl [kqydj fLØhu ij fn[kk;h nsrkgS bl ckDl esa ge viuh vko’;drkuqlkj dksbZ Hkh
ikloMZ ns nsrs gS ftlds ckn ge ‘khV@odZcqd esa dksbZ psUtsl ugha dj ldrs tc rd
dh mls iqu% vuizksVsDV u djsaA
2- vykm ;wtj Vw
,fMV just& bldh lgk;rk ls ge ,d gh ‘khV ij nks ikloMZ yxk ldrs gS
,d oks ftlesa ;wtj ,fMV dj ldrk gS ,oa
nwljk oks ftlesa ;wtj dqN Hkh ,fMV ugha dj ldrk gS vFkkZr iwjh ‘khV dks
izksVsDV dj fn;k tkrk gSA
O;w
ehuw&
1- ukeZy& ,Dlsy izksxzke esa
;g O;w fMQkYV :i ls lsV gksrk gSA
2- ist ysvkV&
,d vkWilu ds }kjk gesa ;g irk pyrk gS fd gekjh ‘khV fizUV gksus ij fdl izdkj
vk;sxhA
3- ist czsd
fizO;w;& bldh lgk;rk ls ge cukbZ xbZ ‘khV dks fizUV djus ls igys
ns[k ldrs gS fd cukbZ ‘khV fizUV gksus ij fdrus ist ij vk;sxhA
4- dLVe
O;w& bldk iz;ksx Hkh ge
cqdekdZ dh rjg djrs gS bl vkIlu ds }kjk ge MkVk dks flysDV dj dksbZ Hkh uke ns
nsrs gS vkSj gesa Hkfo”; esa ml MkVk dh tc Hkh nksckjk t:jr iM+rh gS rks ge bl
vkIlu ds }kjk ml MkVk ij vklkuh ls tk ldrs gSA
5- Qqy LØhu
& bl vkIlu ij fDyd djrs gh gekjh ‘khV Qqy LØhu ij fn[kkbZ nsus yxrh gSA
6- Qzht isUl&
bldk iz;ksx ge fdlh yEcs MkVk ij djrs gS bl vkIlu ds }kjk flysDV dh xbZ jks
rFkk dkye Qzht vFkkZr tke gks tkrh gS rkfd ge MkVk bUVªh dk dk;Z vklkuh ls dj
ldsA
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